Gastrotomy followed by gastrorrhaphy as a reliable and more physiologic technique for inducing peritoneal adhesion in rats / Gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia, uma técnica mais confiável e fisiológica para a indução de aderências peritoneais em ratos

ABSTRACT Objective: this research objective was to develop a new peritoneal adhesion animal model that would lead to adhesions formation in all operated animals, simple and reproducible, associated with maintenance the animal's health. Methods: eighteen adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly distributed into three groups: Control Group (anatomical and clinical parameters), Sham Group (delicate manipulation of the stomach and exposure of the peritoneal cavity to ambient air) and Surgery Group (gastrotomy followed by gastrorrhaphy). The animals were analyzed and classificated macroscopically according to two adhesion classification models and differences between groups were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: the six animals in the control group had no peritoneal adhesions, three of the six animals in the sham group had focal peritoneal adhesions, and all animals in the surgery group (gastrotomy followed by gastrorraphy) had firm peritoneal adhesions. All adhesions found were macroscopically quantified and microscopically confirmed, without carrying out a microscopic classification of the adhesions. Conclusion: the new model developed of gastrotomy followed by gastrorrhaphy, proved to be safe and efficient to induce and study peritoneal adhesions.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi criar um novo modelo animal de indução de aderências peritoneais capaz de levar à formação de aderências em todos os animais operados, simples e reprodutível, associado a manutenção da saúde dos animais. Métodos: Dezoito ratos machos, adultos, da linhagem Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo Controle (parâmetro anatômico e clínico), Grupo Sham (manipulação delicada do estômago e exposição de cavidade peritoneal ao ar ambiente) e Grupo Cirurgia (gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia). Os animais foram submetidos à análise e classificação macroscópicas, seguindo dois modelos de classificação de aderências. As diferenças entre os grupos foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes se p<0,05. Resultados: os seis animais do grupo controle não apresentavam aderências peritoneais, três dos seis animais do grupo sham apresentavam aderências peritoneais focais e todos os seis animais do grupo cirurgia (gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia) apresentavam aderências peritoneais firmes. Todas as aderências encontradas foram quantificadas macroscopicamente e confirmadas microscopicamente, sem a realização de classificação microscópica das aderências. Conclusão: o novo modelo desenvolvido, de gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia, mostrou-se seguro e eficiente para induzir e estudar aderências peritoneais.

Aprendizagem do raciocínio diagnóstico de enfermagem de estudantes por meio de tecnologias educacionais: revisão integrativa / Nursing diagnostic reasoning learning of students through educational technologies: an integrative review

Objetivo: Analisar as habilidades e experiências desenvolvidas a partir do uso de tecnologias educacionais no raciocínio diagnóstico de enfermagem de estudantes de graduação. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em abril de 2020, por meio do acesso on-line a sete bases de dados, não sendo estabelecido um recorte temporal. Termos de busca como "estudantes de enfermagem", "tecnologia educacional" e "diagnóstico de enfermagem" foram incorporados nas estratégias de busca. Resultados: Em um universo de 332 títulos e resumos consultados, foram selecionados 21 artigos que respondiam de forma integral à pergunta de pesquisa. Foram identificadas 13 tecnologias educacionais presenciais e 8 virtuais que forneceram habilidades metacognitivas, cognitivas, práticas e experiências do tipo afetivas e motivacionais aos acadêmicos de enfermagem. Conclusão: A maioria das tecnologias presenciais impactaram diretamente no raciocínio diagnóstico dos estudantes, enquanto as tecnologias virtuais contribuíram indiretamente para seu desenvolvimento

Objective: To analyze the skills and experiences developed from the use of educational technologies in the nursing diagnostic reasoning of undergraduate students. Method: Integrative literature review performed in April 2020 through online access to seven databases without establishing a time frame. Search terms such as "nursing students", "educational technology" and "nursing diagnosis" were incorporated into the search strategies. Results: From a universe of 332 consulted titles and abstracts, 21 articles that fully answered the research question were selected. Thirteen face-to-face and 8 virtual educational technologies that provided metacognitive, cognitive and practical skills and affective and motivational experiences to nursing students were identified. Conclusion: Most face-to-face technologies impacted directly on the diagnostic reasoning of students, while virtual technologies contributed indirectly to its development.

Impact of the reduction in TSH cutoff level to 6 mIU/L in neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Santa Catarina: final results

ABSTRACT Oubjective: To assess the implications of changing the cutoff level of TSH from 10 to 6 mIU/L. Subjects and methods: The study population was constituted by 74.123 children screened for congenital hypothyroidism by the National Screening Program in Santa Catarina, from March 2011 to February 2012. The cutoff of TSH was 6 mIU/L. If TSH between 6-10 mIU/L, the newborn was recalled for a second TSH measurement on filter paper. If TSH > 6 mIU/L in the second sample, the child was sent for medical evaluation. In children with normal topic thyroid, levothyroxine was suspended for 1 month at the age of 3 years for identification of the etiology and evaluation of the need to continue treatment. Results: Among the children screened, 435 were recalled for presenting TSH between 6 and 10 mIU/L in the first sample, 28 remained TSH > 6 mIU/L in the second sample. Among these, 11 had a final diagnosis of dyshormonogenesis, two of ectopic thyroid, two of thyroid hypoplasia and one of transient hypothyroidism. Ten children presented normal TSH levels on the first medical evaluation and two lost follow-up. Conclusion: A decrease in the TSH cutoff level from 10 to 6 mIU/L in a neonatal screening program for congenital hypothyroidism reduced the number of false-negative results, increasing the sensitivity of the test, but increased the number of false-positive results and recalls. Since a TSH cutoff level of 6 mIU/L detects thyroid function abnormalities requiring treatment, the adoption of this cutoff level is justified.

Development and validation of a method for phenobarbital in serum: anticonvulsant pharmacotherapy monitoring

The therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an important strategy for the effectiveness and safety of long-term pharmacotherapy, such as the use of phenobarbital as an anticonvulsant drug in epilepsy. In this sense, HLPC has been presented as a technique for the measurement of phenobarbital in serum. However, the ideal conditions for carrying out the method must be established for each laboratory reality. An analytical method using HPLC was developed and validated in order to identify and quantify Phenobarbital in blood. The chromatographic conditions were C-18 column (Shimpack XR-ODS 50L x 3.0), acetonitrile-water mobile phase (30:70, v v-1), 0.2 mL min-1 flow and reading wavelength of 210 nm. Linearity was established in the range of 2.5 to 80 µg mL-1, the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9981. The average of the coefficient of variation of the precision was 5.30%. The relative standard error of the accuracy was -2.17% and of the recovery coefficient was 97.83%. In all eleven patients, phenobarbital concentrations were below the therapeutic range. The tested method was selective, linear, precise, accurate and showed good recovery.(AU)

Rat models of high risk colorectal anastomoses

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the most frequent surgical techniques of high-risk colorectal anastomoses in rats. Methods: Wistar rats were enrolled in three different models comprising inflammatory (TNBS enema), vascular (portal vein occlusion) or obstructive (a non-ischemic constricting ring) mechanisms associated with colonic anastomosis that had accomplished after these former lesions. Histological analyses (Hematoxylin and eosin and Picrosirius red) were performed. Results: All anastomoses techniques were associated with risk factors and had complications, mainly anastomotic leakage. In Study 1, the use of a pharmacological agent, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) mimicked an inflammatory bowel disease such as Crohn's disease with 50% of anastomosis leakage, the higher percentage among all models tested. In Study 2, after portal ischemia followed by reperfusion it was observed a dense neutrophil infiltrate in the midst of necrotic tissue and fibrin at the anastomotic site and 5 days after the anastomosis, no collagen was produced. In Study 3, 5 days after the mechanical obstruction some denuded areas of epithelium with marked oedema of mucosa and submucosa were seen, at the anastomotic site and anastomosis group showed some reduction of collagen density when compared with Control/Sham group. Conclusion: All the experimental surgical techniques tested in rats were associated with high-risk colorectal anastomoses and were useful to study colonic anastomotic healing and intestinal leakage.

A technical note on low cost rat laparoscopy an initial experience

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate a novel and adapted low-cost set model for laparoscopic surgery in rats. Methods: Nine Wistar rats underwent two different laparoscopic procedures, splenectomy (n=3) and distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (n = 6), after assembling a low-cost set replacing the conventional one (monitor, micro camera, image processor, light source, laparoscope and insufflator). The new set included an Android Tablet 10.5 ", a 5mm USB Endoscope and semiautomatic sphygmomanometer monitor. Results: The same surgeon performed the laparoscopic procedures. Total surgical time ranged from 36 to 60 minutes with a mean of 45.8 minutes. Three rats died during the distal pancreatic and splenectomy procedure (33.3%), due to respiratory failure (n = 1), uncontrolled abdominal hemorrhage (n=1) and iatrogenic gastric perforation (n = 1). We followed the other six rats (66.6%) for seven days with no further evidence of complications. Conclusions: The laparoscopic partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy can be performed with the novel low-cost set assembled in the present experimental study. Both specific training and skills development are required to validate more advanced laparoscopic procedures and achieve a desirable outcome.

The participation of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMSs) in the perception of pain in patients with migraine: A psychological profile / A participação dos esquemas iniciais desadaptativos (eids) na percepção da dor em pacientes com migrânea: um perfil psicológico

ABSTRACT. Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (YSQ-S3) is used to understand psychological aspects. Objective: EMSs were evaluated in patients with migraine. Methods: Sixty-five subjects were evaluated using the YSQ-S3 under standard conditions in a room with air conditioning at 22 ± 2°C. The subjects were stratified by morbidity (migraine), gender (male/female) and age (18-29 / 30-39 / 40-55). Controls (without migraine), n = 27 and patients (with migraine), n = 38, men (n = 19) and women (n = 46); participants aged 18-29 years, n = 34, aged 30-39 years, n = 14 and aged 40-55 years, n = 17. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, with p-values <0.05. Results were expressed as percentages in contingency tables. Results: There was a significant association between migraine and female gender (84.21%; p-value <0.05, Table 1), between hypervigilance and inhibition, and unrelenting standards (56.52%; p-value <0.0.014, Table 2) and female gender with migraine. Moreover, there was a significant association between hypervigilance and inhibition, and unrelenting standards (73.68%; p-value <0.0001) and self-punishment (84.21%; p-value <0.0001) in patients with migraine of both genders (Table 3). Conclusion: The individuals with migraine had a psychological profile of being overly demanding with themselves and others and self-punishing, where this was more frequent in women.

RESUMO. O questionário de esquemas iniciais desadaptativos de Young (YSQ-S3) é usado para se entender aspectos psicológicos. Objetivo: Os EIDs foram avaliados em pacientes com migrânea. Métodos: Sessenta e cinco indivíduos foram avaliados utilizando YSQ-S3 sob condições padrão em uma sala com ar condicionado a 22 ± 2°C. Os sujeitos foram estratificados pela morbidade (migrânea), por gênero (masculino/feminino) e por idade (18-29 / 30-39 / 40-55). Controle (sem migrânea), n = 27 e com migrânea, n = 38, homens (n ​​= 19) e mulheres (n = 46); indivíduos com idade entre 18 a 29 anos, n = 34, entre 30-39 anos, n = 14 e entre 40-55 anos, n = 17. Os dados foram analisados ​​usando o teste do qui-quadrado, com valores p <0,05. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagens em tabelas de contingência. Resultados: Houve associação significativa entre migrânea e gênero feminino (84,21%; p-valor <0,05, Tabela 1), entre hipervigilância e inibição, e padrões excessivamente rígidos ​​(56,52%; p-valor <0,0,014, Tabela 2) e gênero feminino com migrânea. Além disso, houve associação significativa entre hipervigilância e inibição, e padrões excessivamente rígidos ​​(73,68%; p-valor <0,0001) e autopunição (84,21%; p-valor <0,0001) em pacientes com migrânea de ambos os gêneros (Tabela 3). Conclusão: Os indivíduos com migrânea têm um perfil psicológico de serem excessivamente exigentes consigo e com os outros e de se autopunirem, sendo isso mais frequente em mulheres.

Cholecystectomy during ceftriaxone therapy. A translational study with a new rabbit model

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the actual incidence of both microlithiasis and acute cholecystitis during treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone in a new rabbit model. Methods: New Zealand rabbits were treated with intravenous ceftriaxone or saline for 21 days. Ultrasound monitoring of the gallbladder was performed every seven days until the 21st day when histopathology, immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), pro-caspase-3 and CD68, liver enzyme biochemistry, and chromatography analysis of the bile and sediments were also performed. Results: All animals treated with ceftriaxone developed acute cholecystitis, confirmed by histopathology (P<0.05) and biliary microlithiasis, except one that exhibited sediment precipitation. In the group treated with ceftriaxone there was an increase in pro-caspase-3, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase concentration, PCNA expression and in the number of cells positive for anti-CD68 (P<0.05). In the ceftriaxone group, the cholesterol and lecithin concentrations increased in the bile and a high concentration of ceftriaxone was found in the microlithiasis. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone administered intravenously at therapeutic doses causes a high predisposition for lithogenic bile formation and the development of acute lithiasic cholecystitis.

Student insight about the discipline of surgical technique on the formative process in the School of Medicine of UFRJ

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether undergraduate students feel motivated to develop surgical skills and know their impression about the importance of having a surgical technique discipline in the curriculum of a medical school. Methods: A prospective study including three classes in a row, from the 8th period (n = 265) evaluated the knowledge acquired at the Center of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). The importance of the discipline for medical training as a way of encouragement to arouse and deepen the interest in surgical technique was emphasized. The questions were scored from 1 to 5 (worst to best grade) . Results: Concerning the importance of the discipline for medical training, 78% and 18% of the students assigned a score 5 and 4, respectively. Regarding the stimulus to improve their surgical technical skills, 40% and 32% attributed the score 5 and 4, respectively. Conclusion: Undergraduate students from the Medical School of UFRJ effectively shared the understanding that the operative technique bases improve the formative process with significant impact, not only in the development of skills, but also to arouse vocations and stimulate new attitudes aimed to knowledge acquirement in the field of Surgery.

Análise das demandas judiciais para aquisição de medicamentos no estado da Paraíba / Analysis of medicine procurement lawsuits in the state of Paraíba, Brazil

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos médico-científicos e sanitários dos mandados judiciais para fornecimento de medicamentos impetrados ao Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba (TJ-PB) contra agentes públicos no estado da Paraíba. Teve caráter descritivo, transversal, e foi realizado no Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba. Foram analisados processos de medicamentos julgados na segunda instância entre os anos de 2009 e 2010 com decisão definitiva. Quanto às evidências científicas da eficácia e segurança, os medicamentos foram avaliados por meio de revisões sistemáticas na base de dados do Centro Cochrane do Brasil. Os grupos de medicamentos solicitados com maior frequência foram os agentes neoplásicos, seguidos de insulinas e antagonistas da angiotensina II. Os custos com medicamentos antineoplásicos representaram 76% do gasto total com demandas judiciais, representando um custo aproximado de R$ 343 mil por mês. Desses, um item não tinha registro em orgão sanitário brasileiro. Os resultados apontam para um elevado número de demandas judiciais com prevalência de solicitações de medicamentos padronizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), dos quais os antineoplásicos obtêm destaque e reforçam a necessidade de revisão da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica tanto das estratégias de implantação como da premência em ampliar a relação de medicamentos disponibilizados pelo SUS.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the medical, scientific, and sanitary aspects of lawsuits for drug supply filed with the Court of Paraíba (TJ-PB) against public officials in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, which had as source the Information System of the Paraíba Court. Drug processes judged at the second instance between the years 2009 and 2010 with a final decision already made ​​at the time of consultation were analyzed. About the scientific evidences of efficacy and safety, drugs were evaluated through systematic reviews in the Brazilian Cochrane Centre database. The groups of drugs most frequently requested were the antineoplastic agents, followed by insulin and angiotensin II antagonists. The antineoplastic agents' costs accounted for 76% of the total spent on litigation, representing an approximate cost of R$ 343,000 per month, of which an item had no record in Brazilian sanitary organ. The results pointed to a high number of lawsuits with prevalence of requests for drugs standardized by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), of which the antineoplastic agents are noteworthy and reinforce the need for revision of the National Pharmaceutical Assistance Policy, both regarding deployment strategies as the urgency to expand the list of drugs available through SUS.

Central precocious puberty: revisiting the diagnosis and therapeutic management

ABSTRACT Clinical and laboratory diagnosis and treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP) remain challenging due to lack of standardization. The aim of this revision was to address the diagnostic and therapeutic features of CPP in Brazil based on relevant international literature and availability of the existing therapies in the country. The diagnosis of CPP is based mainly on clinical and biochemical parameters, and a period of follow-up is desirable to define the “progressive” form of sexual precocity. This occurs due to the broad spectrum of pubertal development, including isolated premature thelarche, constitutional growth and puberty acceleration, progressive and nonprogressive CPP, and early puberty. Measurement of basal and stimulated LH levels remains challenging, considering that the levels are not always in the pubertal range at baseline, short-acting GnRH is not readily available in Brazil, and the cutoff values differ according to the laboratory assay. When CPP is suspected but basal LH values are at prepubertal range, a stimulation test with short-acting or long-acting monthly GnRH is a diagnostic option. In Brazil, the treatment of choice for progressive CPP and early puberty is a long-acting GnRH analog (GnRHa) administered once a month or every 3 months. In Brazil, formulations of GnRHa (leuprorelin and triptorelin) are available and commonly administered, including 1-month depot leuprorelin 3.75 mg and 7.5 mg, 1-month depot triptorelin 3.75 mg, and 3-month depot leuprorelin 11.25 mg. Monthly or 3-month depot GnRHa are effective and safe to treat CPP. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):163-72.

Proteinograma de cabras acometidas por toxemia da prenhez / Serum protein electrophoresis in goats with pregnancy toxemia

Os estudos sobre a toxemia da prenhez (TP) em caprinos, quando comparados aos ovinos, têm sido menos frequentes, não havendo relatos no Brasil sobre o proteinograma de cabras acometidas por casos clínicos naturais da doença. Assim, realizouse o proteinograma de cabras com TP, visando avaliar o comportamento biológico das proteínas de fase aguda (PFA), além de indicadores bioquímicos e hormonais nesta enfermidade. Foram avaliadas 36 cabras diagnosticadas com TP, na Clínica de Bovinos - campus Garanhuns/UFRPE e em propriedades. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame clínico e ultrassonográfico, seguido de coleta de sangue e urina para exames laboratoriais. As cabras apresentaram sinais clínicos de TP, com valores de beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB) e ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE) elevados e glicose normal. Cetonúria foi observada em todos os animais. No proteinograma, houve aumento nos níveis séricos de haptoglobina. O perfil hormonal revelou níveis séricos elevados de cortisol e reduzidos de insulina. Em conclusão, o severo transtorno metabólico provocado pela TP em cabras provoca elevação dos níveis séricos de haptoglobina, além das alterações no perfil bioquímico e hormonal, refletindo marcantes modificações no metabolismo lipídico.

Studies on pregnancy toxemia (TP) in goats, when compared with ovine, have been less common, and there are no reports in Brazil that include serum protein electrophoresis in goats with the naturally occurring form of the disease. As such, serum protein electrophoresis in goats with TP was performed to evaluate the biological behavior of acute phase proteins (PFA), as well as biochemical and hormonal indicators of this disease. Thirty-six goats diagnosed with TP were evaluated in the Bovine Clinic ­ Garanhuns Campus/UFRPE and private properties. The goats underwent physical exam and ultrasound, followed by collection of blood and urine for laboratory exams. The goats had clinical signs of TP, with elevated levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (AGNE), and normal glucose levels. Ketonuria was seen in all animals. On serum protein electrophoresis, there were elevated levels of haptoglobin. The hormone profile showed elevated levels of cortisol and decreased levels of insulin. In conclusion, the severe metabolic disturbance caused by TP in goats causes an elevation of serum levels of haptoglobin, as well as changes in the biochemical and hormonal profiles, which reflect significant alterations in lipid metabolism.

Produção de capim elefante utilizando percolado de aterro sanitário / Production of elephant grass using leachate landfill

O uso do percolado de aterro sanitário (PAS) na produção de biomassa para fins energéticos é uma alternativa que minimiza a degradação ambiental. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o efeito de distintas doses de PAS na produção de capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.). Para isso, montou-se o experimento no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (T1 - somente água de abastecimento - AA; T2 - 1mm dia-1 de PAS mais AA; T3 - 2mm dia-1 de PAS mais AA; T4 - 3mm dia-1 de PAS mais AA; e T5 - 4mm dia-1 de PAS mais AA) e cinco repetições, totalizando 25 parcelas experimentais. O capim elefante foi cultivado em ARGISSOLO VERMELHO - AMARELO Eutrófico, durante 132 dias em Mossoró/RN. Ao final do ciclo do capim elefante foram determinadas as características vegetativas altura de planta (AP), massa úmida da planta (MUP) e da folha (MUF) e massa seca das folhas (MSF). Comprovou-se para MUP, MUF e MSF que não houve diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, entretanto, para AP, o tratamento T2 apresentou maior valor (2,86m), diferindo estatisticamente dos tratamentos T4 e T5. Em geral, o tratamento T2 apresentou melhor desempenho com relação às características vegetativas do capim elefante.

The use of landfill leachate (PAS) in the production of biomass for energy is an alternative that minimizes environmental degradation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different doses of PAS in elephant grass production (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.). For this, the experiment was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments (T1 - only water supply - AA, T2 - 1 mm day-1 of PAS more AA, T3 - 2 mm day-1 of PAS more AA, T4 - 3 mm day-1 of PAS more AA and T5 - 4 mm day -1 of PAS more AA) and five repetitions, totaling 25 experimental plots. The elephant grass was cultivated in ultisol during 132 days in Mossoró/RN. At the end of elephant grass cycle were determined vegetative characteristics plant height (PH), plant fresh weight (MUP), leaf fresh weight (MUF) and leaf dry weight (MSF). It was shown to MUP, MUF and MSF that there was no statistical difference between the treatments, however, to AP, T2 treatment the highest values (2.86 m), differing of the treatments T4 and T5. In general, treatment T2 showed a better performance with respect to elephant grass vegetative characteristics.

Ten-year evaluation of a Neonatal Screening Program for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia / Avaliação de dez anos de um Programa de Triagem Neonatal para Hiperplasia Adrenal Congênita

Objective Evaluate the Neonatal Screening Program (NSP) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) of the Department of Health of the State of Santa Catarina (Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, SES/SC), and provide information to improve the program. Subjects and methods Descriptive, retrospective study of 748,395 children screened between January 2001 and December 2010. We analyzed the coverage of the NSP-SES/SC prevalence of CAH, child’s age when the first sample for 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) measurement was collected, levels of 17OHP, mean age at treatment onset and main clinical manifestations. Results The NSP-SES/SC covered 89% of the live newborns in the State. It diagnosed 50 cases of CAH, yielding an incidence of 1:14,967. Mean age at collection of the first sample was 7.3 days and mean level of 17OHP was 152.9 ng/mL. The most frequent manifestations were virilized genitalia with nonpalpable gonads, clitoromegaly and genital hyperpigmentation. In three girls, the genre established at birth was incorrect. The salt-wasting form was present in 74% of the cases. There was no occurrence of shock or death. Mean age at treatment onset in the salt-wasting form was 17.4 days compared with 54.9 days in those without the salt-wasting form of the disease. All children were treated with hydrocortisone, and those with salt-wasting CAH were also treated with fludrocortisone. Conclusions The incidence of CAH was 1 case to 14,967 live newborns. Collection of the first sample occurred outside the recommended time, resulting in delays in treatment onset. .

Objetivo Avaliar o Programa de Triagem Neonatal da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina (PTN-SES/SC) em relação à hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) e fornecer subsídios que possibilitem seu aperfeiçoamento. Sujeitos e métodos Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 748.395 crianças triadas no período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2010, sendo analisados a cobertura do PTN-SES/SC, a prevalência da HAC, a idade na coleta da primeira amostra para 17-hidroxiprogesterona (17OHP), os níveis de 17OHP, a idade média de início de tratamento e as principais manifestações clínicas. Resultados A cobertura do PTN-SES/SC foi de 89% dos recém-nascidos vivos no Estado. Foram diagnosticados 50 casos de HAC, com incidência de 1:14.967. A média de idade na coleta da primeira amostra foi de 7,3 dias e a de 17OHP, de 152,9 ng/mL. As manifestações mais frequentes foram genitália virilizada sem gônadas palpáveis, clitoromegalia e hiperpigmentação genital. Em três meninas ocorreu erro no estabelecimento de gênero ao nascimento. A forma perdedora de sal foi encontrada em 74% dos casos. Nenhum caso de choque ou óbito foi verificado. A média de idade no início do tratamento nos perdedores de sal foi de 17,4 dias e nos não perdedores, de 54,9 dias. Todas as crianças foram tratadas com hidrocortisona e, nos casos com a forma perdedora de sal, associou-se fludrocortisona. Conclusões A incidência de HAC foi de 1 caso para 14.967 recém-nascidos vivos. A coleta da primeira amostra ainda ocorreu fora do tempo preconizado, acarretando atraso no início do tratamento. .

In-vivo bone response to titanium screw implants anodized in sodium sulfate

PURPOSE: To evaluate the early bone response to a nanotextured dental implant treated with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), using a rabbit model. METHODS: Twelve animals were randomly divided into group 1 (Control) - machined implants and group 2 (Test) - nanotextured implants. Extra-oral incision was performed to provide access to intended surgical site where the dental implant was inserted immediately after the extraction of the mandibular first premolar. Implant surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy attached to energy dispersive spectroscopy and interferometry. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were induced to death and undecalcified sections of the samples were prepared for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. RESULTS: Surface characterization of the implant demonstrated enhanced surface area of anodized group compared to Control group with 19.2% ± 6.2 versus 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively. Histological evaluation demonstrated new bone formation starting from the buccal and lingual cortical walls on both groups. After three weeks, significant higher bone contact of 27% (p<0.05) was observed to nanotextured compared to machined implants (Control group). CONCLUSION: The anodization with sodium sulfate nanostructures to the implant surface that resulted in faster osseointegration. .

Uso de cosméticos por mulheres do município de Esperança, Paraíba, Brasil / Use of cosmetics for women of the city of Hope, Paraíba, Brazil

O aumento de vendas de produtos cosméticos e de higiene pessoal deve ser atentamente acompanhado pelos setores regulatórios competentes, uma vez que mais de oito mil matérias-primas são usadas na formulação destes produtos e muitas podem ocasionar efeitos adversos tóxicos ou mesmo alergias. Assim, este trabalho visou investigar quais as finalidades do uso de cosméticos entre mulheres, conhecer os mais utilizados e saber os locais de aquisição destes produtos. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário com perguntas objetivas, aplicado entre 102 mulheres. A higiene (65,7%) foi respondida como a principal finalidade de uso. Os produtos com maior frequência de utilização foram os perfumes e desodorantes (90,2%), maquiagens (74,5%), produtos para depilação (74,5%) e tinturas de cabelos (41,2%). A maior parte das mulheres (63,7%) relatou comprar os cosméticos em revistas. Diante dos resultados expostos, pode-se inferir que as mulheres utilizam variados tipos de cosméticos, com diferentes finalidades, o que pode implicar em risco para saúde.

The increasing sales of cosmetics and toiletries must be carefully monitored by competent regulatory sectors, as many of the more than eight thousand ingredients used to formulate cosmetics can have adverse effects, such as carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, phototoxicity, contact dermatitis, hives, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, depigmentation, damage to hair and nails, etc. The aims of the present study were to investigate the reasons for the use of cosmetics by women and determine both the most frequently used products and where such products are acquired. For such, a cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was carried out. Data were collected through the use of a questionnaire with objective questions administered to 102 women. Hygiene (65.7%) was the main reason cited for using cosmetic products. The most frequently used products were perfumes and deodorants (90.2%), makeup (74.5%), hair removal products (74.5%) and hair dyes (41.2%). The majority (63.7%) reported to buying cosmetics from catalogues. The present findings demonstrate that women use many kinds of cosmetics for different purposes, which may imply health risks.

Programa de Triagem Neonatal para hipotireoidismo congênito de Santa Catarina, Brasil: avaliação etiológica no primeiro atendimento / Newborn Screening Program for congenital hypothyroidism of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil: etiological investigation in the first visit

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a etiologia, no primeiro atendimento, dos casos de hipotireoidismo congênito primário (HCP) identificados pelo Programa de Triagem Neonatal de Santa Catarina entre julho de 2007 e junho de 2009. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 45 pacientes com HCP confirmado. Para o diagnóstico etiológico, eram realizados na primeira consulta: anamnese, exames físico e complementares (TSH, tiroxina livre, tireoglobulina, idade óssea, ultrassonografia de tireoide). RESULTADOS: Estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico etiológico na primeira consulta em 53,33%. Disgenesia representou 51,11%, sendo 20% hipoplasia, 13,3% atireose e 17,7% ectopia; e 2,2% foram diagnosticados com disormoniogênese. Hérnia umbilical foi o sinal mais prevalente (48,89%) e 20% não apresentaram manifestação clínica. Aqueles com disgenesia apresentaram diferença significativa (p < 0,05) pela via de parto cesária, idade óssea atrasada e TSH sérico muito elevado. CONCLUSÕES: A abordagem diagnóstica realizada no primeiro atendimento determina a etiologia do HCP em 53,3% dos casos. A metade dos pacientes apresenta disgenesia tireoidiana. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):627-32.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the etiology of primary congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) identified in the Newborn Screening Program from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from July 2007 to June 2009 in the first visit. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 45 patients with PCH. For the etiological diagnosis, history, physical examination, and additional tests (TSH, free thyroxine, thyroglobulin, bone age assessment, thyroid ultrasound) were carried out in the first visit. RESULTS: The etiology was established in the first visit in 53.3% of cases. Thyroid dysgenesis represented 51.11% of the cases, from which 20% showed hypoplastic thyroid, 13.3% showed athyreosis, and 17.7% showed ectopic glands; 2.2% were diagnosed with dyshormonogenesis. Umbilical hernia was the most prevalent sign (48.89%) and 20% had no clinical manifestations. Patients with dysgenesis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in terms of cesarean section delivery, delayed bone age, and very high serum TSH. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic approach used at first visit for PCH patients may determine the etiology in 53.3% of cases. Half of patients had thyroid dysgenesis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):627-32.

Downregulation of C3 and C4A/B complement factor fragments in plasma from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

To investigate the use of ClinProt technique to identify cancer markers in plasma of patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).

Plasma of 36 healthy subjects and 25 patients with penile carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment between June 2010 and June 2011 was collected and analyzed by the ClinProt/MALDI/ToF technique. Then the peptides were identified from the C8 MB eluted fraction of patients' and control subjects' plasma by LIFT MS/MS.

A cluster of 2 peptides (A=m/z 1897.22 ± 9 Da and B=m/z 2021.99 ± 9 Da) was able to discriminate patients from control subjects. Cross validation analysis using the whole casuistic showed 62.5% and 86.76% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The cluster also showed very high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97%) for SCCP patients that died due to the disease. Furthermore, patients with lymph node involvement presented sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 97%, respectively. These two peptides were identified by the proteomic approach based on a MALDI-TOF/TOF as fragments of C3 (m/z 1896.17) and C4a/b (m/z 2021.26) complement proteins.

The results showed that as the disease progresses, the fragments C3 and C4 A/B are less expressed in comparison with healthy subjects. These results may be useful as prognostic tools. .

Nonwoven polypropylene prosthesis in large abdominal wall defects in rats / Tela de polipropileno sem tecelagem na correção de grandes defeitos da parede abdominal em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in large abdominal wall defects surgically shaped in rats, if a synthetic polypropylene nonwoven prosthesis could be used as a therapeutic option to conventional polypropylene mesh. METHODS: Twenty four (24) Wistar rats were enrolled into three groups. Group 1 (Simulation group) with an abdominal wall defect of 3 X 3 left untreated and Groups 2 and 3, respectively treated with a conventional polypropylene mesh and a polypropylene nonwoven (NWV) prosthesis to cover the breach. At the 45th postoperatively day, adhesion (area and strength) and vascularization of Groups 2 and 3 were evaluated. The histological preparations with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Tricromium of Masson, Pricrosirius red and polarization with birefringence, and also the structural analysis of the prostheses carried on by Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were also assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the Groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: In rats, the polypropylene nonwoven prosthesis showed to be safe and has to be considered as an alternative to conventional mesh manufactured by weaving in the treatment of great defects of the abdominal wall.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em grandes defeitos da parede abdominal produzidos cirurgicamente em ratos, se uma prótese sintética de polipropileno sem tecelagem poderia ser utilizada como alternativa terapêutica às telas convencionais de polipropileno. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratos foram distribuídos em três grupos numericamente iguais. Grupo 1 (Simulação), no qual um defeito de 3 x 3 cm foi constituído na parede abdominal sem tratamento. Uma tela convencional de polipropileno e uma tela de polipropileno sem tecelagem foram colocadas para cobrir o defeito, nos grupos 2 e 3 , respectivamente. No 45º dia de pós-operatório foram avaliadas a área e a força das aderências, além da vascularização. Também foram analisados os preparados histológicos com Hematoxilina-eosina, Tricrômio de Masson e Picrosirius com polarização e birrefringência, além de efetuada análise estrutural da prótese mediante Termogavimetria e Colorimetria Exploratória Diferencial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos 2 e 3. CONCLUSÃO: Em ratos, a tela de polipropileno sem tecelagem mostrou ser segura e deve ser considerada como uma alternativa à tela convencional manufaturada por tecelagem, no tratamento dos grandes defeitos da parede abdominal.